Patent Disclosures and Standard-Setting

Ex-ante Agreements in Standard Setting and Patent Pool Formation

We present a model of standard setting and patent pool formation. We study the effects of alternative standard-setting and pool-formation rules on technology choice, prices and welfare. We find three main results. First, we show that allowing patent pools may reduce welfare when standards are negotiated and patent pools need to be ex-post incentive compatible. Second, we show that it is not pos...

Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting

In several key industries, including semiconductors, biotechnology, computer software, and the Internet, our patent system is creating a patent thicket: an overlapping set of patent rights requiring that those seeking to commercialize new technology obtain licenses from multiple patentees. The patent thicket is especially thorny when combined with the risk of hold-up, namely the danger that new...

A Template for IETF Patent Disclosures and Licensing Declarations

Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes a proposal for one form of a template for IETF patent disclosures and licensing declarations. The optional use of this template is meant to simplify the process of such disclosures and licens...

Standard setting in medical education: fundamental concepts and emerging challenges

  The process of determining the minimum pass level to separate the competent students from those who do not perform well enough is called standard setting. A large number of methods are widely used to set cut-scores for both written and clinical examinations. There are some challenging issues pertaining to any standard setting procedure. Ignoring these concerns would result in a large dispute ...

Standard-setting and Environment